We exchanged these lists, and I
then requested him to place against each name (as far as he knew)
the annual income of the different appointments held by that
person In the mean time, I performed the same operation on his
list, against some names of which I was obliged to place a ZERO
The result of the comparison was an average of nearly 1200Lper
annum for the six French SAVANS whom I had named Of the average
amount of the sums received by the English, I only remember that
it was very much smaller When we consider what a command over
the necessaries and luxuries of life 1200Lwill give in France,
it is underrating it to say it is equal to 2000L
Let us now look at the prospects of a young man at his entrance
into life, who, impelled by an almost irresistible desire to
devote himself to the abstruser sciences, or who, confident in
the energy of youthful power, feels that the career of science is
that in which his mental faculties are most fitted to achieve the
reputation for which he pants What are his prospects? Can even
the glowing pencil of enthusiasm add colour to the blank before
him? There are no situations in the state; there is no position
in society to which hope can point, to cheer him in his laborious
path If, indeed, he belong to one of our universities, there
are some few chairs in his OWN Alma Mater to which he may at some
distant day pretend; but these are not numerous; and whilst the
salaries attached are seldom sufficient for the sole support of
the individual, they are very rarely enough for that of a family
What then can he reply to the entreaties of his friends, to
betake himself to some business in which perhaps they have power
to assist him, or to choose some profession in which his talents
may produce for him their fair reward? If he have no fortune, the
choice is taken away: he MUST give up that line of life in which
his habits of thought and his ambition qualify him to succeed
eminently, and he MUST choose the bar, or some other profession,
in which, amongst so many competitors, in spite of his great
talents, he can be but moderately successful The loss to him is
great, but to the country it is greater We thus, by a
destructive misapplication of talent which our institutions
create, exchange a profound philosopher for but a tolerable
lawyer
If, on the other hand, he possess some moderate fortune of his
own; and, intent on the glory of an immortal name, yet not
blindly ignorant of the state of science in this country, he
resolve to make for that aspiration a sacrifice the greater,
because he is fully aware of its extent;–if, so circumstanced,
he give up a business or a profession on which he might have
entered with advantage, with the hope that, when he shall have
won a station high in the ranks of European science, he may a
little augment his resources by some of those few employments to
which science leads;–if he hope to obtain some situation, (at
the Board of Longitude, for example,) [This body is now
dissolved] where he may be permitted to exercise the talents of
a philosopher for the paltry remuneration of a clerk, he will
find that other qualifications than knowledge and a love of
science are necessary for its attainment He will also find that
the high and independent spirit, which usually dwells in the
breast of those who are deeply versed in these pursuits, is ill
adapted for such appointments; and that even if successful, he
must hear many things he disapproves, and raise no voice AGAINST
them
Thus, then, it appears that scarcely any man can be expected to
pursue abstract science unless he possess a private fortune, and
unless he can resolve to give up all intention of improving it
Yet, how few thus situated are likely to undergo the labour of
the acquisition; and if they do from some irresistible impulse,
what inducement is there for them to deviate one step from those
inquiries in which they find the greatest delight, into those
which might be more immediately useful to the public?
CHAPTER III
GENERAL STATE OF LEARNED SOCIETIES IN ENGLAND
The progress of knowledge convinced the world that the system of
the division of labour and of cooperation was as applicable to
science, as it had been found available for the improvement of
manufactures The want of competition in science produced
effects similar to those which the same cause gives birth to in
the arts The cultivators of botany were the first to feel that
the range of knowledge embraced by the Royal Society was too
comprehensive to admit of sufficient attention to their favourite
subject, and they established the Linnean Society After many
years, a new science arose, and the Geological Society was
produced At an another and more recent epoch, the friends of
astronomy, urged by the wants of their science, united to
establish the Astronomical Society Each of these bodies found,
that the attention devoted to their science by the parent
establishment was insufficient for their wants, and each in
succession experienced from the Royal Society the most determined
opposition
Instituted by the most enlightened philosophers, solely for the
promotion of the natural sciences, that learned body justly
conceived that nothing could be more likely to render these young
institutions permanently successful, than discouragement and
opposition at their commencement Finding their first attempts
so eminently successful, they redoubled the severity of their
persecution, and the result was commensurate with their
exertions, and surpassed even their wildest anticipations The
Astronomical Society became in six years known and respected
throughout Europe, not from the halo of reputation which the
glory of its vigourous youth had thrown around the weakness of
its declining years; but from the sterling merit of “its
unpretending deeds, from the sympathy it claimed and received
from every practical astronomer, whose labours it relieved, and
whose calculations it lightened
But the system which worked so well is now changed, and the
Zoological and Medico-Botanical Societies were established
without opposition: perhaps, indeed, the total failure of the
latter society is the best proof of the wisdom which guided the
councils of the Royal At present, the various societies exist
with no feelings of rivalry or hostility, each pursuing its
separate objects, and all uniting in deploring with filial
regret, the second childhood of their common parent, and the evil
councils by which that sad event has been anticipated
It is the custom to attach certain letters to the names of those
who belong to different societies, and these marks of ownership
are by many considered the only valuable part of their purchase
on entry The following is a list of some of these societies
The second column gives the ready-money prices of the tail-pieces
indicated in the third Fees on Admission Appended
including Composition Letters
for Annual Payments
L 50 0 0 F
Royal Society of Edinburgh 25 4 0* F
Royal Academy of Dublin 26 5 0 M
Royal Society of Literature 36 15 0 shop F
